Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y bienestar emocional en adultos mayores / Use of Information and Communication Technologies and emotional well-being in older adults

RESUMEN Fundamento: Los adultos mayores son un grupo vulnerable en el contexto actual de pandemia por COVID-19, debido al confinamiento su salud mental y física se deteriora; de ahí, la importancia del uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación que contribuyen a su bienestar emocional, al favorecer las relaciones sociales. Objetivo: Identificar la relación que tienen las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el bienestar emocional de los adultos mayores durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Desarrollo: Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS con la utilización de los términos pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT y social networking sites. Se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En estudios transversales se encontró una asociación entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, sin embargo, un número importante de estudios empíricos identificaron la brecha digital como un obstáculo para que los adultos mayores pudieran usar las tecnologías como un medio para la interacción. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la revisión muestran una relación positiva entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las TIC; se considera relevante continuar con la investigación en adultos mayores sometidos a confinamiento.

ABSTRACT Background: Older adults are a vulnerable group in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to confinement their mental and physical health deteriorates; hence, the importance of the use of Information and Communication Technologies that contribute to their emotional well-being, by favoring social relationships. Objective: Identify the relationship that Information and Communication Technologies have on the emotional well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Development: Searches were made in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS using the terms pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT and social networking sites. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. In cross-sectional studies, an association was found between emotional well-being and the use of Information and Communication Technologies, however, a significant number of empirical studies identified the digital divide as an obstacle for older adults to be able to use technologies as a medium for interaction. Searches were made in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS using the terms pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT and social networking sites. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. In cross-sectional studies, an association was found between emotional well-being and the use of Information and Communication Technologies, however, a significant number of empirical studies identified the digital divide as an obstacle for older adults to be able to use technologies as a medium for interaction. Conclusions: The results of the review show a positive relationship between emotional well-being and the use of ICT; it is considered relevant to continue with research in older adults subjected to confinement.

Diseño de ejercicios físicos adaptados para mejorar la actividad física de estudiantes de enfermería en Cienfuegos / Design of Physical Exercises Adapted to Improve the Nursing Students Physical Activity in Cienfuegos

RESUMEN Fundamento la actividad física reduce el riesgo de obesidad y se asocia con la salud mental, el bienestar emocional y una mayor longevidad. Los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos tienen resultados negativos respecto al nivel de actividad física. Objetivo diseñar un conjunto de ejercicios físicos adaptados que permitan mejorar los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en el período enero-diciembre del 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 133 estudiantes de enfermería de 3ro a 5to año y la muestra por sexos se manifiestan en 15 hembras y 15 varones lo que representó el 25 % de la población escogida. Entre las técnicas aplicadas estuvieron: el grupo nominal, la encuestas y la observación participante Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para obtener datos sobre medias y porcientos. Resultados se diseñó una propuesta de ejercicios físicos para los distintos planos musculares de manera asequible para los practicantes, que consisten en su práctica tres veces por semana con la metodología requerida. Conclusiones: el diseño de ejercicios físicos, resultó ser una herramienta metodológica que responde a la necesidad de desarrollar las capacidades orgánicas motrices en sus dimensiones: fuerza, velocidad, flexibilidad y resistencia, utilizando con creatividad métodos, técnicas y estrategias de la actividad física para lograr un cambio de actitud ante el creciente sedentarismo que tanto afecta a la población universitaria.

ABSTRACT Background: physical activity reduces the risk of obesity and is associated with mental health, emotional well-being and greater longevity. Nursing students at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences have negative results regarding the physical activity level. Objective: to design a set of adapted physical exercises that allows improving the nursing student's physical activity levels at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in nursing students from the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences from January to December 2019. The universe consisted of 133 nursing students from 3rd to 5th year and the sample by sex; 15 females and 15 males, which represents the 25 % of the chosen population. Among the applied techniques were: the nominal group, the survey and the participant observation. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain data on means and percentages. Results: a proposal of physical exercises for different muscular planes was designed in an affordable way for the practitioners, consisting of practicing them three times a week with the required methodology. Conclusions: the design of physical exercises, turned out to be a methodological tool that responds to the need to develop the organic motor capacities in its dimensions: strength, speed, flexibility and resistance, using with creativity methods, techniques and strategies of physical activity to achieve a change in attitude to the growing sedentary lifestyle that affects the university population so much.

Atividades socioculturais como interface de bem-estar emocional e de prevenção da transmissão da Covid-19 em estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas / Sociocultural activities as an interface between emotional well-being and the prevention of Covid-19 transmission in nursing homes / Actividades socioculturales como interfaz de bienestar emocional y de prevención de la transmisión de la Covid-19 en estructuras residenciales para ancianos

Em Portugal, cerca de 40% das mortes por Covid-19 aconteceram em instituições para idosos, passando a exigir delas práticas institucionais de isolamento social, com graves repercussões na Saúde Mental dos residentes. Com esta pesquisa, qualitativa e exploratória, pretendeu-se perceber se, em período de pandemia, a realização de atividades socioculturais, por meio da animação de idosos, pode funcionar como interface do bem-estar emocional dos residentes e da prevenção da transmissão da Covid-19, segundo os técnicos que desempenham o papel de animadores. São, assim, apresentados os resultados obtidos com base na análise de conteúdo da entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a 16 profissionais que trabalham em estruturas residenciais para idosos, de norte a sul de Portugal Continental, tendo os dados evidenciado que a realização de atividades socioculturais surge como elemento determinante de bem-estar e de qualidade de vida daqueles que vivem nas instituições. (AU)

Around 40% of Covid-19 deaths in Portugal have occurred in nursing homes, resulting in the implementation of social isolation measures, with grave consequences for the mental health of residents. This exploratory study aimed to explore whether performing sociocultural activities designed to cheer up the elderly during the pandemic works as an interface between emotional well-being and the prevention of Covid-19 transmission, from the viewpoint of the professionals performing the activities. We present the findings of a content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 16 professionals working in nursing homes in continental Portugal. The findings show that performing sociocultural activities is a determining factor in the well-being and quality of life of nursing home residents. (AU)

En Portugal, casi el 40% de las muertes por Covid-19 tuvieron lugar en instituciones para ancianos, pasando a que se les exigieran prácticas institucionales de aislamiento social, con graves repercusiones en la salud mental de los residentes. Con esta investigación, cualitativa y exploratoria, se pretendió percibir si, en el período de pandemia, la realización de actividades socioculturales, por medio de la entretención de ancianos, puede funcionar como interfaz del bienestar emocional de los residentes y de la prevención de la transmisión de la Covid 19, según los técnicos que desempeñan el papel de entretenedores. De tal forma, se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de contenido de la entrevista semiestructurada realizada con 16 profesionales que trabajan en estructuras residenciales para ancianos de norte a sur de Portugal Continental, habiendo los datos dejado claro que la realización de actividades socioculturales surge como elemento determinante del bienestar y de la calidad de vida de las personas que viven en esas instituciones. (AU)

Bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por covid-19 / Emotional, psychological and social well-being in argentine adults in the context of a covid-19 pandemic

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue no experimental de corte transversal, bajo la modalidad de estudio descriptivo y de diferencia de grupos. Se trabajó con una muestra de 888 participantes, residentes en diferentes provincias de Argentina, de edades comprendidas de entre 18 y 84 años (M EDAD = 36.98; DE= 15.37; 51.2 % mujeres, 48.8 % varones). Los resultados informaron una disposición mayoritaria a experimentar niveles de salud mental languideciente. Las personas que se ubicaron en el polo languideciente del continuo de salud mental presentaron menores niveles de bienestar psicológico. El 56.2 % de los participantes refirió que la mayoría de las veces busca expresar sus emociones con su círculo cercano y el 43 % informó mantener el contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. Se encontró un mayor nivel de bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en personas que expresaron sus emociones y mantuvieron contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. En conclusión, frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 los adultos argentinos presentaron alteraciones significativas en los niveles de bienestar emocional psicológico y social con predominio de un estado de salud mental languideciente.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the emotional, psychological and social well-being in Argentinian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic context. The applied methodological design was cross-sectional not experimental, under descriptive study and group difference modalities. It was used a sample of 888 participants residing in different Argentina provinces, rating ages between 18 and 84 years old (M age = 36.98; SD = 15.37; 51.2 % Female, 48.8 % Male). The results reported a majority susceptibility to experiencing languishing levels of mental health. People who were at the languishing pole of the mental health continuum presented lower levels of psychological well-being. 56.2 % of the participants reported that most of the time they seek to express their emotions within their close circle, and 43 % reported maintaining contact with beloved ones virtually. A higher level of emotional, psychological and social wellbeing was found in people who was able to express their emotions and kept in contact with their beloved ones virtually. In the face of the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Argentinean adults presented significant alterations in the levels of emotional, psychological and social well-being with a predominance of a state of languishing mental health.

Condición física y bienestar emocional en escolares de 7 a 12 años / Condição física e bem-estar emocional em estudantes de 7 a 12 anos / Physical fitness and emotional well-being in school children aged 7 to 12 years

Resumen El incremento de la prevalencia de conductas y trastornos que pueden afectar gravemente el bienestar emocional infantil es un hecho. Sin embargo, aunque la relación causal entre condición física y salud biológica se encuentra bien establecida, la asociación entre la condición física y algunas dimensiones de la salud psicológica es menos evidente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la condición física y el bienestar emocional de escolares. Se realizó un estudio inferencial mediante análisis de la covarianza ajustada por edad en una muestra de 212 escolares (120 mujeres) de 7 a 12 años de edad, seleccionada por conveniencia, en la que se aplicó la Batería ALPHA-fitness para medir la condición física y el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire para evaluar el bienestar emocional. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes con mayor condición física (X > P50) obtuvieron valores más positivos en problemas de conducta (p = .002), hiperactividad (p < .001), problemas con compañeros (p = .028), conducta prosocial (p < .001), y puntuación total de dificultades (p = .029); mientras que los escolares con menor nivel en la puntuación total de dificultades (X < P40) tuvieron un mejor rendimiento en 4 x 10 m (p = .010), dinamometría manual (p = .050), Course-Navette (p = .050) y condición física general (p = .040). Estos resultados sugieren una relación positiva y bidireccional entre la condición física y el bienestar emocional; y, por tanto, se refuerza la necesidad de impulsar programas de mejora de la salud que tengan en cuenta la condición física y evalúen su efecto sobre las capacidades psicológicas de los escolares.

Resumo O aumento da prevalência de consultas e transtornos que podem afetar gravemente o bem-estar emocional infantil é um fato. No entanto, ainda que a relação causal entre condição física e saúde biológica esteja bem estabelecida, a associação entre a condição física e algumas dimensões da saúde psicológica é menos evidente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a condição física e o bem-estar emocional de crianças em idade escolar. Realizou-se um estudo inferencial mediante a análise da covariancia ajustada por idade em uma amostra de 212 estudantes (120 mulheres) de 7 a 12 anos de idade, selecionada por conveniência, na qual aplicou-se a bateria ALPHA-Fitness para medir a condição física e o Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire para avaliar o bem-estar emocional. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes com maior condição física (X > P50) obtiveram valores mais positivos em problemas de conduta (p = .002), hiperatividade (p < .001), problemas com colegas (p = .028), conduta pró-social (p < .001) e pontuação total de dificuldades (p = .029); enquanto os estudantes com menor nível na pontuação total de dificuldades (X < P40) tiveram um melhor rendimento em 4 x 10 m (p = .010), dinamometria manual (p = .050), Course-Navette (p = .050) e condição física geral (p = .040). Esses resultados sugerem uma relação positiva e bidirecional entre a condição física e o bem-estar emocional e, portanto, reforça-se a necessidade de impulsionar programas de melhoria da saúde que levem em consideração a condição física e avaliem seu efeito sobre as capacidades psicológicas das crianças em idade escolar.

Abstract The increase in the prevalence of behaviors and disorders severely affecting children's emotional well-being is a fact. The causal relationship between fitness and biological health is well established. However, the relationship between fitness and some dimensions of psychological health is less evident. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between fitness and emotional well-being. The ALPHA-fitness Battery was used to assess fitness, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, to assess emotional well-being. A convenience sample of 212 school children (120 women) aged 7-12 years was used. An inferential study was carried out by means of covariance analysis adjusted by age. The results showed that those children with higher fitness (X > P50) had more positive values in behavior problems (p = 0,002), hyperactivity (p < 0,001), problems with partners (p = 0 ,028), prosocial behavior (p < 0,001) and total score of difficulties (p = 0,029). Students with a lower level of total difficulties score (X < P 40 ) had a better performance in 4 x 10m (p = 0,010), manual dynamometry (p = 0,050), Course-Navette (p = 0,050) and general fitness (p = 0,040) with respect to those with medium and high levels. These results suggest a positive and bidirectional relationship between fitness and emotional well-being in primary school children. Therefore, it reinforces the need to promote programs to improve health related fitness and assess their effect on the psychological abilities of school children.

Malestar emocional en los familiares de adolescentes con asma bronquial: análisis de sus predictores / Emotional distress in family caregivers of adolescents with bronchial asthma: analysis of its predictors

Introducción. Los adolescentes asmáticos se enfrentan a problemas propios de la etapa a los que se añaden asumir el control de su enfermedad, el cumplimiento de un tratamiento diario y de los controles médicos periódicos. El posible rechazo que esto genere puede conducir a la no adherencia terapéutica y al mal control del asma, lo que ocasiona problemas en la dinámica familiar, agravados por el estrés o el malestar emocional que esta situación provoca en los cuidadores. Objetivo. Identificar perfiles de adaptación y detectar predictores de riesgo para el bienestar emocional de los cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos con asma bronquial. Material y métodos. 79 cuidadores familiares de pacientes pediátricos con asma bronquial. Se utilizan instrumentos para evaluar la clínica psicológica emocional (Hospital Anxiety and Depression, HADS) y el nivel de estrés percibido asociado al cuidado médico de un paciente pediátrico (Pediatric Inventory for Parents, PIP). Se analiza el papel de las variables médicas del paciente y las psicológicas del cuidador familiar relativas a su malestar emocional y estrés. Resultados. 34,8% de los cuidadores presenta sintomatología ansiosa y estrés percibido moderado. La sintomatología emocional se relaciona positiva y significativamente con el nivel de estrés. Los modelos que mejor predicen el malestar emocional de los cuidadores (4050% de varianza explicada) incluyen como predictores indicadores de estrés, tiempo desde el diagnóstico y carga terapéutica del paciente. Conclusiones. La presencia de estrés derivado del cuidado, el tiempo de exposición y la carga de los tratamientos asociados a la enfermedad se identificaron como los principales predictores de riesgos para el bienestar del cuidador.

Introduction. Adolescents with asthma face problems inherent to this stage in their development, to which the challenges of taking over control of their disease, complying with a daily treatment and regular medical followup are added. Any rejection generated by this may lead to treatment non-adherence and poor asthma control, which brings about problems in family dynamics, made worse by the stress or the emotional distress that this situation causes in caregivers. Objective. Identify adjustment profiles and predictors of risk for the well-being of caregivers of pediatric patients with bronchial asthma. Material and methods. Seventy-nine family caregivers of pediatric patients with bronchial asthma. Instruments were used to assess the emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and DepressionScale, HADS) and the perceived level of stress associated with medical care of a pediatric patient (Pediatric Inventory for Parents, PIP). We analyzed the patient's medical outcome measures and the family caregiver's psychological outcome measures regarding their emotional distress and stress. Results. Of all caregivers studied, 34.8% exhibit anxiety symptomatology and moderate perceived stress. Emotional symptomatology correlates positively and significantly with the stress level. The models that best predict emotional distress of caregivers (40-50% of explained variance) include time since diagnosis and patient's treatment burden as stress indicators. Conclusions. The presence of stress resulting from care, time of exposure and burden of treatments associated with the disease are identified as the main predictors of risk for the well-being of caregivers.

Relationship among character strength,life stress events and emotional well-being in nursing staffs / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship among character strength,life stress events and emotional well-being in nursing staffs. METHODS: A total of 2 160 nursing staffs in 8 grade 3 A Hospitals in Liaoning Province were selected as study subjects by cluster random sampling method. The Chinese version of General Information Questionnaire of Character Strengths Scale,Life Event Scale,Emotional Well-Being Scale were used to explore the character strength,life stress events and emotional well-being in these nursing staffs,as well as the mediating effect of character strength in life stress events and emotional well-being. RESULTS: The total score of character strength was( 42. 59 ± 5. 78),the total score of life stress events was( 139. 32 ± 3. 26),and that of emotional well-being was( 23. 26 ± 5. 18). The total score of life stress events was negatively correlated with emotional well-being score [correlation cofficient( r) =-0. 382,P < 0. 01 ],the total score of character strength was positively correlated with emotional well-being( r = 0. 453,P < 0. 01). The mediating effect of character strength in life stress events and emotional well-being was-0. 332,accounting for 50. 84% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: The life stress events in nursing staffs can negatively predict their emotional well-being. The character strength plays a mediating role affecting the life stress events and the emotional well-being.